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英语写作常见错误:不一致与词性误用

  英语写作常见错误:不一致与词性误用

一、不一致(Disagreements)

  所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致,它还包括了数的不一致 时态不一致及代词不一 致等.

例1.

  When one have money ,he can do what he want to .

  (人一旦有了钱,他就能想干什么就干什么.)

剖析:

  one是单数第三人称,因而本句的have应改为has ;同理,want应改为wants.本句是典型的主谓不一致.

改为:

  Once one has money ,he can do what he wants (to do)

二、修饰语错位(Misplaced Modifiers)

  英语与汉语不同,同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置,句子的含义可能引起变化.对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视,因而造成了不必要的误解.

例1.

  I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.

剖析:

  better位置不当,应置于句末.

三、句子不完整(Sentence Fragments)

  在口语中,交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等,不完整的句子完全可以被理解.可是书面语就不同了,句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清,这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后,笔者又想加些补充说明时发生.

例1.

  There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on .

剖析:

  本句后半部分"for example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on .”不是一个完整的句子,仅为一些不连贯的词语,不能独立成句.

改为:

  There are many ways to know society ,for example ,by TV ,radio ,and newspaper.

四、悬垂修饰语(Dangling Modifiers)

  所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清.

例1.

  At the age of ten, my grandfather died.

剖析:

  这句中"at the age of ten"只点出十岁时,但没有说明” 谁”十岁时.按一般推理不可能是my grandfather, 如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点,全句就不那么费解了.

改为:

  When I was ten, my grandfather died.

例2.

  To do well in college, good grades are essential.

剖析:

  句中不定式短语 “to do well in college” 的.逻辑主语不清楚.

改为:

  To do well in college, a student needs good grades.

五、词性误用(Misuse of Parts of Speech)

  “词性误用”常表现为:介词当动词用;形容词当副词用;名词当动词用等.

例1.

  None can negative the importance of money.

剖析:

  negative 系形容词,误作动词。

改为:

  None can deny the importance of money.

六、指代不清(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns)

  指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清,或者先后所用的代词不一致。

例1.

  Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.(玛丽和我姐姐很要好,因为她要她做她的伴娘。)

剖析:

  读完上面这一句话,读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚,谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确,意思就一目了然了。

改为:

  Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.

例2.

  And we can also know the society by serving it yourself.

剖析:

  句中人称代词we 和反身代词yourself指代不一致。

改为:

  We can also know society by serving it ourselves.

七、不间断句子(Run-on Sentences)

  什么叫run-on sentence?请看下面的例句。

例1.

  There are many ways we get to know the outside world.

剖析:

  这个句子包含了两层完整的意思:“There are many ways.” 以及“We get to know the outside world.”。简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。

改为: