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中考英语作文写作指导:动词不定式的用法

  动名词与不定式

  1) 动名词与不定式的区别:

  动名词表达的是: 状态,性质,心境,抽象,经常性,已发生的

  不定式表达的是: 目的,结果,原因,具体,一次性,将发生的

  2) 接不定式或动名词,意义相同。

  3) 动名词与不定式语义不同的有11 组:  1 stop to do     stop doing

  2 forget to do     forget doing

  3 remember to do   remember doing

  4 regret to do     regret doing

  5 cease to do     cease doing

  6 try to do      try doing

  7 go on to do     go on doing

  8 afraid to do     afraid doing

  9 interested to do  interested doing

  10 mean to do      mean doing

  11 begin/ start to do  begin/ start doing

  不定式的时态和语态

  时态/语态    主动     被动

  一般式      to do      to be done

  进行式      to be doing

  完成式      to have done   to have been done

  完成进行式    to have been doing

  1) 现在时:一般现在时表示的动词,有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词的.动作之后。

  He seems to know this.

  I hope to see you again. = I hope that I’ll see you again. 我希望再见到你。

  2) 完成时:表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。

  I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble.

  He seems to have caught a cold.

  3) 进行时: 表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。

  He seems to be eating something.

  4) 完成进行时:

  She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.

  不定式的特殊句型Why not

  "Why not +动词原形"表达向某人提出建议,翻译为:"为什么不……?" "干吗不……?"

  例如:

  Why not take a holiday?

  干吗不去度假?

  不定式的特殊句型so as to

  1) 表示目的;它的否定式是so as not to do。

  Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.

  汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。

  Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.

  轻点进去,别惊醒了婴儿。

  2) so kind as to ---劳驾

  Would you be so kind as to tell me the time?

  劳驾,现在几点了。

  不定式的特殊句型too…to…

  1)too…to  太…以至于…

  He is too excited to speak.

  他太激动了,说不出话来。

  ---- Can I help you ? 需要我帮忙吗?

  ---- Well, I’m afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same. 不用了。这箱子太重,恐怕你搬不动。谢谢您。

  2) 如在too前有否定词,则整个句子用否定词表达肯定, too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义,意 为"不太"。

  It’s never too late to mend. (谚语)

  改过不嫌晚。

  3) 当too 前面有only, all, but时,意思是:非常… 等于very。

  I’m only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高兴能帮助你。

  He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。

  动词不定式的否定式

  Tell him not to shut the window…

  She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走过的时候,她假装没看见。

  典型例题

  1)Tell him ___ the window.

  A. to shut not  B. not to shut  C. to not shut

  D. not shut

  答案:B。 tell sb to do sth 的否定形式为tell sb not to do sth.

  2) She pretended ___ me when I passed by.

  A. not to see  B. not seeing  C. to not see

  D. having not seen

  答案:A。 pretend 后应接不定式。其否定形式为pretend not to do sth.。

  3)Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ___ after drinking.

  A. never to drive  B. to never driver

  C. never driving  D. never drive

  答案:A。warn sb to do sth. 的否定形式为warn sb not to do sth. 此处用的是否定词never.

  4) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him ____.