art的用法大全

　　2)集合名词、单复数同形的名词或变化不规则的复数名词作逻辑主语并同动名词一起作宾语时，一般用通格。例如：

　　was surprised at the children playing in the street yesterday.

　　3)不定代词或批示代词作动名词的逻辑主语时，一般不用或很少用所有格形式。例如：He was awaken

　　by someone knocking on the window.

　　I object to that being said about me.我反对那样说我。

　　4)it作逻辑主语时用宾格或所有格均可，但指时间时用宾格。例如：She was worried about

　　the little bird:she was frightened of it/its building a nest in the

　　chimney. 她很为小鸟担忧，为它在烟囱中筑巢而感到害怕。

　　A：Why, it's eleven o'clock already.

　　B:I'm surprised at it being so late.

　　2.动名词复合结构的功能

　　1) 作主语

　　His/He coming home late worries his other.

　　John's /John coming here will get us out of trouble.约翰的到来将会使我们脱离困境。

　　2) 作动词或短语动词的宾语

　　I don't remember him/his giving me that book. 我记得他给过我那本书。

　　Do you mind my smoking?我抽烟你介意吗?

　　I would appreciate back this afternoon.(MET'92,答案是C)

　　A.you to call B.you call

　　C.your calling D.you're calling

　　Her parents insisted on her studying medicine. 她父母坚持要她学医。

　　Have you heard of my sister's winning the contest? 我妹妹在竞赛中获胜的事你听说了吗?

　　[在上述例句中，动名词前的逻辑主语与句子主语不同。 如果主语相同，则不用逻辑主语，只用动名词。试比较：

　　I must apologize for not letting you know ahead of time.(NMET'94)

　　3) 作介词宾语

　　I don't like the idea of our living here. 我不愿意我们住在这里。

　　I knew nothing about the window being open.我一点也不知道窗户敞开着。

　　He left the city without our knowing it 他离开城市我们大家都不知道。.

　　4) 作表语

　　What is most important is Tom's going there at once.

　　The main trouble is their not having enough money.

宾语从句讲解

　　1.语序

　　无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句+连词+宾语从句(主语+谓语+……)”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种：

　　1)连接词+谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有： who，what，which等。如：

　　Could you tell me who knows the answer，please?你能告诉我谁知道答案吗?

　　The small children don't know what is in their stockings.这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西?

　　2)连接词+名词+谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如：

　　He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他问我们班上谁的书法最好。

　　The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room.老师问我们房间里有多少人。

　　3)连接词+主语+谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who(m)，what，which，how many，how much， when，why，how，where，if /whether(在句中不充当任何成分)等。如：

　　He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi.他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。

　　Could you tell me what I should do with the money ?你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗?

　　4)连接词+名词+主语+谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如：

　　Do you know which class he is in ?你知道他在哪个班吗?

　　She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。

　　2.连接词

　　1)当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：

　　He said that he could finish his work before supper.他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。

　　2)当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：

　　I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years.我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。

　　但在下列情况下只能用whether：

　　I don't know whether /if he does any washing or not.(=I don't know whether or not he does any washing.)我不知道他洗不洗衣服。