英语语法探究
this kind of cloth feels very soft.
这种布手感很软。
this flower smells very sweet.
这朵花闻起来很香。
5)变化系动词
这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.
例如:
he became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。
she grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。
6)终止系动词
表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, trun out, 表达“证实”,“变成”之意,例如:
the rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。
the search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。
his plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止性结果)
5.2 什么是助动词
1)协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(auxiliary verb)。被协助的动词称作主要动词(main verb)。
助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,例如:
he doesn't like english. 他不喜欢英语。
(doesn't是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)
2) 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来:
a. 表示时态,例如:
he is singing. 他在唱歌。
he has got married. 他已结婚。
b. 表示语态,例如:
he was sent to england. 他被派往英国。
c. 构成疑问句,例如:
do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗?
did you study english before you came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗?
d. 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句,例如:
i don't like him. 我不喜欢他。
e. 加强语气,例如:
do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。
he did know that. 他的确知道那件事。
3) 最常用的助动词有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would
5.3 助动词be的用法
1) be +现在分词,构成进行时态,例如:
they are having a meeting. 他们正在开会。
english is becoming more and more important. 英语现在越来越重要。
2) be + 过去分词,构成被动语态,例如:
the window was broken by tom.. 窗户是汤姆打碎的。
english is taught throughout the world. 世界各地都教英语。
3) be + 动词不定式,可表示下列内容:
a. 表示最近、未来的计划或安排,例如:
he is to go to new york next week.. 他下周要去纽约。
we are to teach the freshpersons. 我们要教新生。
说明: 这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法。
b. 表示命令,例如:
you are to explain this. 对此你要做出解释。
he is to come to the office this afternoon. 要他今天下午来办公室。
c. 征求意见,例如:
how am i to answer him? 我该怎样答复他?
who is to go there? 谁该去那儿呢?
d. 表示相约、商定,例如:
we are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning. 我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。
5.4 助动词have的用法
1)have +过去分词,构成完成时态,例如:
he has left for london. 他已去了伦敦。
by the end of last month, they had finished half of their work.
上月未为止,他们已经完成工作的一半。
2)have + been +现在分词,构成完成进行时,例如:
i have been studying english for ten years.
我一直在学英语,已达十年之久。
3)have+been +过去分词,构成完成式被动语态,例如:
english has been taught in china for many years.
中国教英语已经多年。
5.5 助动词do 的用法
1) 构成一般疑问句,例如:
do you want to pass the cet? 你想通过大学英语测试吗?
did you study german? 你们学过德语吗?
2) do + not 构成否定句,例如:
i do not want to be criticized. 我不想挨批评。
he doesn't like to study. 他不想学习。
in the past, many students did not know the importance of english. 过去,好多学生不知道英语的重要性。
3) 构成否定祈使句,例如:
don't go there. 不要去那里。
don't be so absent-minded. 不要这么心不在焉。