nearby的用法和辨析

　　(3)代替主语从句

　　It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. 事实上，英语是公认的国际语言。

　　It is a pity that you didn't go to see the movie. 你没去看这个电影， 真是可惜。

　　Has it been decided when we are to hold the sports meet? 我们啥时候开运动会决定了没有?

　　It is known to all that Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492. 众所周知，克里斯托夫o哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。

　　Does it matter if he can't finish the job on time? 如果他不能按时完成那工作要紧吗?

　　2、作形式宾语(formal object)

　　当复合宾语中的宾语是动词不定式、动词-ing形式短语、宾语从句时，往往把宾语放在它的补足语的后面，而把引导词it放在全句谓语动词和宾语补足语的中间。放在宾语补足语后面的宾语叫真正宾语，放在全句谓语动词和宾语补足语中间的引导词it叫形式宾语。

　　(1)it代替不定式短语

　　I don't think it possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. 我认为不进行大量的记忆学好英语是不可能的。

　　He feels it his duty to help others. 他感到帮助别人是他的职责。

　　She found it very difficult to answer the question. 她发现很难回答这个问题。

　　People in the west make it a rule to buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends. 西方国家的人们习惯为他们的亲戚朋友买圣诞礼物。

　　The little boy found it very interesting to study English. 那小男孩发现学英语很有趣。

　　(2)it代替动词-ing形式短语

　　I think it no use telling them. 我认为告诉他们没用。

　　Do you consider it necessary sending more people over? 你觉得再派一些人去有必要吗?

　　We think it a waste arguing with him. 我们认为和他争吵是浪费时间。

　　(3)it代替从句

　　I hate it when people talk with their mouths full我讨厌人们说话时嘴里吃东西。

　　They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job. 他们想向公众表明，他们所做的工作既重要又有必要。

　　We think it necessary that we (should) attend the meeting. 我们认为我们去参加那个会议很有必要。

　　They found it strange that no one would take the money. 他们感到奇怪，谁也不要这笔钱。

　　四、it用在强调结构中

　　当我们要强调句子的某一部分(通常总是主语，宾语或状语)时，常用强调结构。其形式为"it is (was)+被强调的部分+who(that)+句子的其它成分"。在这种结构中，it无实际意义，它只帮助改变一个句子的结构，使某一成分受到强调。如I told her the news at the gate yesterday. 这个句子就可借助it改为下列几种形式，各强调一个不同的成分。

　　1、强调的成分

　　(1)强调主语

　　It was I that told her the news at the gate yesterday. 昨天在大门口告诉她这个消息的是我。

　　It is the ability to do the job that matters not where you come from or what you are.是你的能力很重要，而不是你从哪来或者你是谁。

　　(2)强调宾语

　　It was her that I told the news at the gate yesterday. 昨天在大门口我告诉消息的是她。

　　It was a pen that he bought in the shop yesterday. 他昨天在哪家商店里买的是一支笔。

　　(3)强调地点状语

　　It was at the gate that I told her the news yesterday. 我昨天是在大门口告诉她这个消息的。

　　It was in the bookstore that I met your brother the other day. 前几天我是在书店遇到你哥哥的。

　　(4)强调时间状语

　　It was yesterday that I told her the news at the gate. 我是昨天在大门口告诉她这个消息的。

　　It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcasts began.直到1920年才开始正规的收音机广播。

　　It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized that she was a famous film star. 直到她拿下墨镜我才认出她是著名的影星。

　　It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. 早在600年前第一座带有表面和时针的钟就造出来了。

　　2、使用"It is/was…that"强调句型要注意的几点

　　(1)被强调部分指人时，其后除了用that之外，也可用who或whom。强调的是主语时，使用who;强调的是宾语时，使用whom。

　　It was Mary who picked up the wallet. 是玛丽拾到了那个钱包。