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高考词once之用法

  2. 时间状语:recently, lately, since, for, in the past few years, etc.

  3. 基本结构:have/has + done

  否定形式:have/has + not +done.

  一般疑问句:have或has。

  4. since的三种用法

  1) since +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。

  例如:I have been here since 1989. 1989起,我一直在这儿。

  2) since +一段时间+ ago。

  例如:I have been here since five months ago. 我在这儿,已经有五个月了。

  3) since +从句(一般过去时)。

  例如:Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后,变化可大了。

  比较since和for

  since 用来说明动作起始时间,for用来说明动作延续时间长度。

  例如:I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。

  注意:并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。

  I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。)

  过去完成时 八

  1. 概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。

  2. 时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc.

  3. 基本结构:had + done.

  否定形式:had + not + done.

  一般疑问句:had放于句首。

  4. 用法

  1) 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句种。

  例如:She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。

  2) 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。

  例如:When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时,小偷们早就跑了。

  3) 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean,

  suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"。

  例如:We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来,但是你没有来。

  注意:had hardly… when... 刚......就......。

  例如:I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚打开门,他就打了我。

  had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。

  例如:He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车,转眼又卖了。

once引导的是时间状语从句还是条件状语从句

  once 用作连词,既可以表示“条件”(= if, as long as),也可以表示“时间”(=as soon as)。一般语法书,把它分别列入“引导条件从句”和“引导时间从句”的连词中。这需要具体语境具体判断,注意中文翻译。

  下面援引词典中的例句,once 引导“条件从句”:

  1. It isn't too difficult once you get the idea.

  你一旦弄懂了,就不太难了。

  来自柯林斯例句

  2. You can't duck out once you've taken on a responsibility.

  一旦承担起责任你就不能逃避。

  来自柯林斯例句

  3. It's easy, once you've got the knack.

  你一旦掌握这个技能就容易了。

  来自《权威词典》

  4. Once you're stuck in deep snow, it's difficult to lever yourself out.

  你一旦陷进深雪中, 那就很难出来。

  来自《简明英汉词典》

  5. Once you've given your word, don't try to back out.

  一旦许下诺言, 就不要想翻悔。

  来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

  6. Once you begin you must continue.

  你一旦开始,便不可停下来。

  来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

  7. Once we have promised, we should keep it.

  一旦许下诺言,我们务必遵守。

  8. We cannot move him from any decision once he has made it.

  他一旦做出决定,我们就无法使他改变。

  9. Remember, once you've signed the contract, there is no turning back.

  记住,一旦签了合同,就不可能反悔了。

  10. Once losing this chance,you can't easily find it.

  一旦失去这次机会你就很难找回。

  11. Once he is unemployed, he is done for.

  他一旦失业就完蛋了。

  来自《简明英汉词典》