responsible词汇精析
b) 微观层面:专业科学计量学
微观层面对应的是专业科学计量学,这很好理解,正如前文所述,在微观层面,专家的同行评审是研究评估的推荐方法。专家有能力直接评估微观级别的研究单位(个体研究人员和研究小组),因此,微观层面的科研评估是专业科学计量学。
3. 指标 VS 统计
Indicators vs. Statistics
此处的指标与统计,并非我们在中文中所理解的指标与统计的概念,而是作者为指标与统计分别下了新的定义,指标对应着复杂,统计对应着简单,与上文提到的复杂与简单,是一个承接对应的关系
a) 宏观层面:指标
Indicators aim to provide a proxy of an underlying concept. indicators have an unambiguous conceptual foundation and a high degree of validity
b) 微观层面:统计
Statistics are less ambitious and are not necessarily expected to represent a well-defined concept. They just offer a quantitative summary of a certain body of information.
五、总结
如何负责任地使用科学计量学取决于评估环境的性质,微观研究评估与宏观研究评估之间的区别可以说明这一点。在宏观一级需要复杂的指标,而在微观一级最好采用简单的指标。
当然,事情要比微观和宏观的区分复杂得多。有一个中观水平(例如,对大学内各系或学院的评估),需要在微观和宏观水平的建议之间取得平衡。而且,在每个级别(即微观,中观或宏观),不同类型的评估中都有相当大的异质性。此外,各个级别之间存在相互依赖性,一个级别的评估会影响其他级别的评估。
不同类型评估的更精细分类法可能导致对负责任使用科学计量学的建议的进一步区分。为了在负责任的指标辩论中取得进展,我们需要认识到没有一种模式能被套用在所有的环境中,具体问题具体分析。
你要承担责任 You Are Responsible
Today's quote'sentitled You Are Responsible.
今天的语录:你要承担责任。
You are always responsible for how you act, no matter how you feel.
无论你感觉如何,你都要对自己的行为负责。
Isn't that interesting? You know like sometimes we think, “Well, I feel this a certain way, therefor I act acertain way.” So, it's OK.
这有趣吗?你知道,有时候我们会这么想,“呃,我觉得应该这样,所以我以这种方式行事。”所以——理所当然。
You know you did something made me angry, so I'm yelling at you. And what's wrong with that? You deserve to be yelled at. Anyway I'm angry. So that what people do when they are angry the yell.
你知道你做了件让我生气的事,所以我对你大吼大叫。这有什么问题吗?你活该被骂。不管怎样,我很生气,所以当人们对遭受的喊叫感到愤怒时,这就是他们通常所做的。
So where we want to learn is some emotional control, we are learning mind control, we know weshould control the mind.
所以我们想要学习的是一些情绪控制,我们正在学习心意控制,我们知道自己应该控制心意。
man-manā bhava mad-bhakto……
心意恒常想着我,成为我的奉献者,顶拜我,崇拜我。全然专注于我,你必回归我。(BG 9.34)
Krishna says beginning in seven chapter, learn how to practice yoga with mind fixed on me.First verse of seven chapter, yes.
As so many versesis about the mind, and so many verses is about sense control. Right?
奎师那说,从第七章开始,学习如何练习瑜伽,心意专注于我。是的,第七章的第一节。
这么多的诗节是关于心意的,这么多的诗节是关于感官控制。对吗?
Focus as atortoise poses his limbs within his shell, like that .
像乌龟收摄在它的龟壳里,就像那样。
Lust can never besatisfied. so many verses in second chapter about controlling the mind,controlling the senses. It's through out of Gita, Bhagavad-gita, so much about mind and sense control,. What about emotional control?
色欲永远无法得到满足。在第二章里有很多关于控制心意、控制感官的诗节。《博伽梵歌》通篇有这么多涉及“心意与感官控制”的诗节。那么情绪控制呢?
Well, Prabhupada said emotions are subtle aspect of the mind. So if we're talking about mind control, that also includes emotional control.
Thinking, feeling and willing, so what are emotions? It's the feelings.